MIIT Jointly Issued [2026] No. 75

To the competent departments of industry and information technology, development and reform, education, science and technology, agriculture and rural affairs, health, and cyberspace administration, and the associations for science and technology of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, cities with separate planning status, and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps; Shanghai Headquarters of the People's Bank of China; all branches of the People's Bank of China in all provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities with separate planning status; all units subordinate to the Chinese Academy of Sciences; and other relevant entities:

The Measures for Ethical Review and Services for Artificial Intelligence Science and Technology (for Trial Implementation) are hereby issued to you. Please implement them diligently in light of actual circumstances.

Ministry of Industry and Information Technology

National Development and Reform Commission

Ministry of Education

Ministry of Science and Technology

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs

National Health Commission

People's Bank of China

Cyberspace Administration of China

Chinese Academy of Sciences

China Association for Science and Technology

20 March 2026

Measures for Ethical Review and Services for Artificial Intelligence Science and Technology (for Trial Implementation)

Chapter I: General Provisions

Article 1  To regulate the ethical governance of artificial intelligence (AI) science and technology activities, promote fair, just, harmonious, safe, and responsible innovation, and foster the healthy development of the AI industry, these Measures are formulated in accordance with the Science and Technology Progress Law of the People's Republic of China, the Opinions on Strengthening the Governance of Science and Technology Ethics, the Measures for Ethical Review of Science and Technology (for Trial Implementation) (hereinafter referred to as the “Ethics Measures”), and other relevant laws, regulations, and provisions.

Article 2  These Measures apply to AI science and technology activities carried out within the territory of the People's Republic of China that may pose ethical risks and challenges concerning human dignity, public order, life and health, the ecological environment, sustainable development, etc., including AI scientific research and technology development, as well as other activities requiring ethical review in accordance with laws, administrative regulations, and relevant state provisions.

Article 3  In carrying out AI science and technology activities, ethical requirements shall be integrated throughout the entire process, following the AI ethics principles of enhancing human welfare, respecting life rights, upholding fairness and justice, reasonably controlling risks, maintaining openness and transparency, protecting privacy and security, and ensuring controllability and trustworthiness. All activities shall comply with China's Constitution, laws, regulations, and relevant provisions.

Chapter II: Services and Promotion

Article 4  A national AI science and technology ethics standard system shall be established and improved. The formulation of relevant international, national, industry, and group standards shall be promoted, and a platform for international standardization exchange and cooperation shall be supported.

Higher education institutions, research institutions, medical and health institutions, enterprises, and scientific and technological social organizations are encouraged to participate in the formulation, validation, and promotion of AI science and technology ethics standards.

Article 5  The construction of AI science and technology ethics service systems shall be advanced. The provision of services such as risk monitoring and early warning, detection and assessment, certification, and consulting shall be strengthened to enhance enterprises' technological R&D capabilities and their ability to prevent AI ethics risks. Support and services for AI ethics review for small, medium, and micro enterprises shall be increased, and international exchanges and cooperation on AI ethics shall be promoted.

Article 6  Higher education institutions, research institutions, medical and health institutions, enterprises, and scientific and technological social organizations are encouraged to conduct research on AI ethics review, support innovations in AI ethics review technologies, and strengthen the use of technological means to prevent AI ethics risks. The orderly open-sourcing and sharing of high-quality datasets for AI ethics review shall be promoted, and the development of general-purpose risk management, assessment, and auditing tools shall be strengthened. Efforts shall be made to explore ethics risk assessment and evaluation based on application scenarios, promote AI products and services that conform to scientific and technological ethics, and protect the intellectual property rights of ethics review technologies.

Article 7  Publicity and education on AI science and technology ethics shall be carried out. Scientific and technological social organizations shall play a role in such efforts. Public participation shall be encouraged, demonstration practices promoted, and public ethical awareness and literacy enhanced. Mass media shall be guided to conduct targeted publicity and education on AI ethics.

Article 8  Higher education institutions, research institutions, medical and health institutions, enterprises, and scientific and technological social organizations are encouraged to conduct education and training related to AI ethics, promote the development of professional and curriculum systems, cultivate AI ethics talents through various means, and facilitate talent exchanges.

Chapter III: Implementation Entities

Article 9  Higher education institutions, research institutions, medical and health institutions, enterprises, and other entities engaged in AI science and technology activities are the responsible entities for the ethics review and management of their own AI activities. In accordance with Article 4 of the Ethics Measures, they shall establish an AI Science and Technology Ethics Committee (hereinafter referred to as the “Committee”). The Committee shall be equipped with necessary personnel, office space, funding, and other conditions, and effective measures shall be taken to ensure its independent operation. Relevant entities with appropriate qualifications are encouraged to obtain certification for their AI ethics management systems.

Article 10  The constitution, composition, and duties of Committee members shall be in accordance with Articles 5 to 8 of the Ethics Measures. Committee membership shall include experts with corresponding professional backgrounds in AI technology, applications, ethics, and law.

Article 11  Local authorities and relevant competent departments may, based on actual circumstances, establish specialized AI Science and Technology Ethics Review and Service Centers (hereinafter referred to as “Service Centers”) in coordination with relevant entities. Service Centers shall accept mandates from other entities to provide services such as ethics review, re-review, training, and consulting for AI science and technology activities. Service Centers shall not provide both review and re-review services for the same AI activity. Service Centers shall establish sound management systems and procedures, equip themselves with full-time personnel capable of conducting AI ethics review and services, and accept the supervision of local authorities or relevant competent departments.

Chapter IV: Working Procedures

Section 1: Application and Acceptance

Article 12  For AI science and technology activities falling within the scope specified in Article 2 of these Measures, the person in charge of such activities shall apply to their entity’s Committee for ethics review. If the entity has not established a Committee or the Committee is unable to perform the required review, the application shall be submitted to a Service Center mandated by the entity. Individuals not affiliated with any entity shall entrust a qualified Service Center to conduct the ethics review. The person in charge shall submit application materials to the Committee or Service Center in accordance with relevant provisions. The application materials shall primarily include:

(1) A plan for the AI science and technology activity, including research background, objectives, and plan; the legal qualifications of involved entities; personnel information; funding sources; the proposed algorithmic mechanisms and principles; data sources and acquisition methods; testing and evaluation methods; expected software and hardware products; intended application fields and target populations; etc.

(2) An assessment of the ethics risks of the AI activity, as well as prevention, control, and emergency response plans, including an assessment of potential ethics risks arising from the intended application of AI technology; measures for monitoring and early warning of ethics risks; and a plan for preventing and controlling potential ethics risks.

(3) A letter of commitment to comply with AI ethics and research integrity requirements.

Article 13  The Committee or Service Center shall decide whether to accept the application based on the submitted materials and notify the applicant. If accepted, it shall determine whether to apply a general, simplified, or emergency procedure based on the likelihood and degree of ethics risks and urgency, and shall conduct the ethics review offline, online, or by other means according to the applicable procedure. If materials are incomplete, a one-time complete notice of the required supplementary materials shall be provided.

Section 2: General Procedure and Simplified Procedure

Article 14  The AI ethics review meeting shall be presided over by the Chairperson of the Committee or a Vice Chairperson designated by the Chairperson. The number of attending members shall be no fewer than five, and shall include members of the different categories specified in Article 10 of these Measures. Service Centers may organize their work by reference to the provisions applicable to Committees.

Based on review needs, consulting experts without direct conflicts of interest may be invited to provide advisory opinions. Consulting experts shall not participate in voting.

Article 15  When conducting an AI ethics review, the Committee or Service Center shall focus on the following aspects:

(1) Human welfare: Whether the AI activity has scientific and social value; whether the research objectives have a positive effect on enhancing human welfare and achieving sustainable social development; and whether the risks and benefits of the AI activity are reasonably balanced.

(2) Fairness and justice: Whether the selection criteria for training data and the design of algorithms, models, and systems are reasonable; whether measures are taken to prevent bias, discrimination, and algorithmic exploitation, and to ensure objectivity and inclusiveness in resource allocation, opportunity access, and decision-making processes.

(3) Controllability and trustworthiness: Whether the robustness of models and systems can be ensured to cope with open environments, extreme situations, and interfering factors; whether users’ basic operations to control, guide, and intervene in models and systems can be ensured; and whether continuous monitoring plans and emergency response protocols are in place.

(4) Transparency and explainability: Whether information such as the purpose, operational logic, interaction instructions, and potential risks of algorithms, models, and systems is reasonably disclosed; and whether effective technical means are used to enhance the explainability of algorithms, models, and systems.

(5) Traceability of responsibility: Whether measures such as log management are in place to clearly record comprehensive information on all aspects of data, algorithms, models, and systems, ensuring full-chain traceability and management; and whether the qualifications of scientific and technical personnel meet relevant requirements.

(6) Privacy protection: Whether adequate measures are taken to ensure effective protection of private data in the collection, storage, processing, use, and other handling activities of data, as well as in the development of new data technologies.

Article 16  The Committee or Service Center shall, within 30 days of accepting an application, make a decision of approval, approval with modifications and subsequent re-review, or disapproval. In special circumstances such as complex cases or the need for supplementary or corrected materials, the time limit may be appropriately extended with a clear indication of the extension period.

For cases requiring modification or disapproval, the Committee or Service Center shall provide suggested modifications or state the reasons. If the applicant objects, they shall file an appeal with the Committee or Service Center within three working days from the date of service of the decision. If the grounds for appeal are sufficient, the Committee or Service Center shall make a new decision within seven working days.

Article 17  The person in charge of an AI activity shall promptly identify changes in ethics risks and report such changes to the Committee or Service Center. The Committee or Service Center shall conduct follow-up reviews of approved AI activities in accordance with Article 19 of the Ethics Measures, monitor changes in ethics risks in a timely manner, and may decide to suspend or terminate activities when necessary. The interval for follow-up reviews shall generally not exceed 12 months.

Article 18  When multiple entities collaborate on an AI activity, mutual recognition of ethics review results among the entities may be carried out based on actual circumstances.

Article 19  The simplified procedure may apply in the following circumstances:

(1) The likelihood and degree of ethics risks of the AI activity are no higher than routine risks encountered in daily life;

(2) Minor modifications are made to an approved AI activity plan without increasing the risk-benefit ratio;

(3) Follow-up reviews of AI activities without major prior adjustments.

Article 20  Committees or Service Centers shall establish work procedures and follow-up frequencies for the application of the simplified procedure. Simplified reviews shall be conducted by two or more members designated by the Chairperson of the Committee. Service Centers may organize their work by reference to the provisions applicable to Committees.

If during a simplified review there is a negative reviewing opinion, doubts about the content, or disagreement among members, the general procedure shall apply instead.

Section 3: Expert Re-review Procedure

Article 21  The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Science and Technology, together with other relevant departments, shall formulate and publish a “List of AI Science and Technology Activities Requiring Expert Re-review” (hereinafter referred to as the “Re-review List”), which shall be dynamically adjusted as needed.

Article 22  For AI activities included in the Re-review List, after the initial review by the Committee or Service Center, the entity shall apply for an expert re-review. If multiple entities are involved, the lead entity shall be responsible for the application. Central enterprises, and higher education institutions, research institutions, and medical and health institutions directly subordinate to central Party and state organs, shall submit applications directly to the relevant competent department for expert re-review. Other entities shall submit applications to local authorities for expert re-review.

Article 23  Entities undertaking AI activities shall submit expert re-review materials in accordance with Article 27 of the Ethics Measures.

Local authorities or relevant competent departments shall, in accordance with Articles 28 to 30 of the Ethics Measures, organize the formation of an expert re-review panel to review the compliance and reasonableness of the initial review opinion, and shall provide feedback to the applying entity within 30 days of receiving the re-review application.

Local authorities or relevant competent departments may entrust Service Centers to carry out the re-review.

Article 24  Committees or Service Centers shall make ethics review decisions based on the expert re-review opinions.

Article 25  Committees or Service Centers shall strengthen follow-up reviews of AI activities included in the Re-review List, with an interval generally not exceeding six months.

If there is a major change in ethics risks, the relevant ethics review shall be re-conducted and expert re-review shall be applied for in accordance with Article 20 of the Ethics Measures.

Article 26  For AI activities in areas such as deep synthesis, algorithmic recommendation, and generative AI service management that are subject to regulatory measures such as registration, filing, or administrative approval, where compliance with ethics requirements is a condition for approval or part of regulatory oversight, expert re-review may be waived.

Section 4: Emergency Procedure

Article 27  Committees or Service Centers shall establish emergency review procedures for AI ethics, specifying the emergency review process and standard operating procedures in emergency situations such as public health emergencies. Emergency reviews shall generally be completed within 72 hours. For AI activities subject to expert re-review, the review prior to expert re-review shall generally be completed within 36 hours.

Article 28  Committees or Service Centers shall ensure the quality and timeliness of emergency ethics reviews and strengthen follow-up and process supervision. If necessary, consulting experts from relevant fields may be invited to attend meetings and provide advisory opinions.

Chapter V: Supervision and Management

Article 29  The Ministry of Science and Technology is responsible for the overall guidance of national science and technology ethics supervision. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, together with other relevant departments, is responsible for the governance of AI science and technology ethics and for strengthening the coordination and guidance of emergency ethics reviews. Each department shall, within its scope of duties, supervise and manage AI ethics reviews in its industry or system. Each local authority shall, within its scope of duties, supervise and manage AI ethics reviews in its region.

Article 30  Entities shall, in accordance with Articles 43 to 45 of the Ethics Measures, register with the National Science and Technology Ethics Management Information Registration Platform information concerning Committees and AI activities included in the Re-review List, and submit relevant materials such as the annual report of the Committee and reports on the implementation of AI activities included in the Re-review List. Service Centers shall register and submit annual work reports in accordance with the above provisions.

The Ministry of Science and Technology and relevant competent departments shall share information on AI ethics registrations synchronously.

Article 31  Local authorities, relevant competent departments, and entities engaged in AI activities shall, in light of the actual circumstances of their industry, system, or entity, establish channels for reporting violations of AI ethics and handle such reports in accordance with relevant provisions.

Article 32  Any violation of these Measures in the course of conducting AI activities or carrying out AI ethics review work shall be investigated and dealt with in accordance with the Cyber security Law of the People's Republic of China, the Data Security Law of the People's Republic of China, the Personal Information Protection Law of the People's Republic of China, the Science and Technology Progress Law of the People's Republic of China, and other relevant laws, regulations, and provisions, and appropriate penalties shall be imposed.

Chapter VI: Supplementary Provisions

Article 33  Time limits specified in these Measures are calendar days unless otherwise indicated as working days.

For the purposes of these Measures, “local authorities” means the provincial-level administrative departments designated by the people’s governments of provinces to be responsible for the ethical review and management of AI science and technology in their respective regions; “relevant competent departments” means the competent departments of the State Council.

Article 34  Local authorities and relevant competent departments may, in accordance with these Measures, formulate or revise institutional norms, rules, or detailed implementation measures for AI ethics review and services in their respective regions, industries, or systems based on actual circumstances. Scientific and technological social organizations may formulate specific norms and guidelines for AI ethics review and services in their fields.

Article 35  Where relevant competent departments have special provisions for AI ethics review and services in their industries or systems that are consistent with the spirit of these Measures, such special provisions shall prevail. Matters not covered by these Measures shall be governed by the Ethics Measures and relevant laws and regulations.

Article 36  These Measures shall be interpreted by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology together with other relevant departments.

Article 37  These Measures shall take effect on the date of issuance.

Appendix: List of AI Science and Technology Activities Requiring Expert Re-review

List of AI Science and Technology Activities Requiring Expert Re-review

1. Development of human-machine fusion systems that have a strong impact on human subjective behavior, psychological emotions, and life and health.
2. Development of algorithmic models, applications, and systems with the capacity for public opinion mobilization and social consciousness guidance.
3. Development of highly autonomous automated decision-making systems for scenarios involving safety and personal health risks.

This list shall be dynamically adjusted as needed.

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